The human papilloma virus (or HPV) causes infections of the skin and genitals. Some asymptomatic HPV infections progress to become cancers of the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis or anus. HPV also causes cancer of the head and neck area. There are over 200 different types of HPV. The most important cancer causing HPV types are HPV16 and HPV18. HPV6 and HPV11 also cause wart-like condylomas of the genitals. The virus is spread by sexual intercourse and oral sex. Using a condom reduces the risk of infection. By preventing papilloma infections, the HPV vaccine helps to prevent the precursors of cervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer, as well as actual cases of cancer. For optimal effectiveness, the vaccine should be administered before the individual becomes sexually active. The vaccine is included in the National Vaccination Programme for children aged 10–12.
- Lääkeinfo.fi: Cervarix (in Finnish)
- In the National Immunisation Programme for children aged 10–12 years
- Active against HPV16 and HPV 18
- Lääkeinfo.fi: Gardasil 9 (in Finnish)
- Active against HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV58
- THL, Immunisation: HPV, or human papillomavirus vaccine
- THL, Infectious diseases: Papilloma virus infection (in Finnish)
- Duodecim medical reference book: Papilloma virus (HPV) and condyloma in women (in Finnish)
